Apparatus for cracking oil



Gg. EGLQFF ET AL,

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING OIL Filed Feb. ll. 1921 atented New. 151i' rar..

GUSTAN' EGIFF AND HARRY P. BENNER, OF INDEPENDENCE, KANSAS, ASSIGNORS T UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA.

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING- OIL.

Application filed February 11, 1921. Serial No. 444,235.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cracking oil and refers more particularly to that type of apparatus in which' the oil is heated in a closed coil and t delivered, preferably in liquid phase, to an expansion chamber where vaporization takes place.l The novelty of the present yinvention consists in the means and manner in whichA the oil is introduced to the vexpansion chamber.v f .-j

The object of the invention is tointroduce this oil in vseparated streams or inlinely divided condition at a high velocity againstan impact member located in the 'expansion' W chamber. A velocity swirling eect is given tothe liquid as it passes from the .transfer lineto the expansion chamber, thus bringing about a more rapid4 rate of cracking as the swirling heated liquidimpinges under pressure against the battle or 'impact member located inthe expansion chamber.

By means of this apparatus, 35% of Healdton, Oklahoma fuel oil of 27 degrees -Baum, maybe converted into 58 gravity gasoline, the'oilbeing treated under a pressure O200 pounds throughout the system and the.` temperature ofthe liquid at the transfer line being say, 895 degrees F. In the drawings: y Fig. 1 is a view, partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation, of a cracking apparatus equipped with our invention.

ig.` 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of one of theiriling nozzles.

Referring in detail to the drawings, l designates a furnace having'burner 2, stack 3 and combustion chamber 4.- In the combustion boX is mounted the heating coil 5, which may take the form. 'of continuous lengths of 4 or 5 pipe. The inlet side of the coil is connected4 by inlet 6 to charging pump 7. The discharge, side of ,the coil is connected by insulated transfergline 8 to the elongated shell-like expansion chamber 9. IThis expansion chamber 9 is providedwith manhole plate 10, residue drawoif pipe'll and vapor outlet pipe 12. The latter extends into dephlegmator 13,and is provided with a spaced cap member 14. The depl1legmater has baes 15, reflux return line 16,

leading to the feed line 6, and vapor outlet pipe 17 leading to the condenser 18. The condenser 18 is connected to a receiver' 19, which receiver has pressure gauge 20, liquid level gauge 21, gas outlet pipe 22 and distillate drawoif pipe 23. Various parts of the system are provided with throttle valves 24, whereby a uniform or dierential pressure may be maintained von all or part of the system as desired. n

.Referring now more particularly to the novel feature ofthe invention, the discharge end of the transfer line 8 is equipped with the delivery nozzle designated-as a whole 25. This nozzle comprises an enlarged head portion 26.and a plurality of horizontally disposed tapering nozzles 27. The interior of each nozle 27 is riled as shown at 28 so as to cause a swirling action of the oil as it passes through the nozzle members proper.

' The arrangement is such as to cause -a more or less violent swirling action and high velocity of the oil as it enters the expansion chamber. Directly in front of the nozzle is mounted an impact or battle member 29, which may take the form of a segmental plate fitting closely around the internal wall of the upper part of the shell member 9. The arrangement is suchV as to throw the swirling oil under high velocity directly against the impact member 29 and thus tend to facilitate thespeed and extent of reaction. The vapors pass out of the expansionv chamber through the dephlegmator Where the heavier portions are condensed and returned to the system for further treatment.

Weclaim as our invention: A

A transfer -line for a tube and drum oil cracking apparatus, adapted to convey heated hydrocarbon oil constituents from the tubeinto the drum, said transfer line terminating at its dischargevend in a plurality of internally rifled nozzles, whereby the hydrocarbon oil constituents passing through said transfer line are subdivided 95 and discharged therefrom at a high velocity in a plurality of circulatory paths.-

eUsrAv EeLoFF. HARRY P. BENNER. 

